Immune modulation in acute and chronic pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis (AP) Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common gastrointestinal causes for hospital admission. AP can develop in response to various factors e.g., gallstones, excessive alcohol consumption, viral infections, as well as strong reactions to certain medications. Initiating events for the acinar cell injury take place locally. Premature enzyme activation and abnormal exocytosis of zymogens are potent triggers of inflammation, edema, and tissue damage. In the beginning, inflammation, edema, and tissue damage are localized. However, these localized events can progress to systemic complications e.g., multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) primarily affecting lung, liver and kidney.